Laboratory total debt 1989–2026What is the debt to equity ratio? Debt to equity is a company's total debt divided by its shareholders' equity: how much it has borrowed for each dollar its owners have in the business.
Laboratory's total debt was 6.78B USD on 30 September 2026, down 6.2% on a year before. At the end of fiscal year 2025 it was 7.20B USD.
Last updated 6 Nov 2026 · Next report 16 Feb 2027
Total debt
Growth
| Fiscal year | Period ending | Total debt | Growth | Cash and short-term investments | Net cash | Debt to equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Latest quarter | 30 Sept 2026 | 6.78B | -6.18% | 261.80M | -6.51B | 0.77 |
| FY2025 | 31 Dec 2025 | 7.20B | -0.95% | 532.30M | -6.67B | 0.84 |
| FY2024 | 31 Dec 2024 | 7.27B | +22.15% | 1.52B | -5.75B | 0.90 |
| FY2023 | 31 Dec 2023 | 5.95B | -4.68% | 536.80M | -5.42B | 0.76 |
| FY2022 | 31 Dec 2022 | 6.25B | -1.52% | 320.60M | -5.93B | 0.62 |
| FY2021 | 31 Dec 2021 | 6.34B | -6.12% | 1.47B | -4.87B | 0.62 |
| FY2020 | 31 Dec 2020 | 6.76B | -4.94% | 1.32B | -5.44B | 0.72 |
| FY2019 | 31 Dec 2019 | 7.11B | +17.29% | 337.50M | -6.77B | 0.94 |
| FY2018 | 31 Dec 2018 | 6.06B | -10.39% | 426.80M | -5.63B | 0.87 |
| FY2017 | 31 Dec 2017 | 6.76B | +15.60% | 316.60M | -6.45B | 0.99 |
| FY2016 | 31 Dec 2016 | 5.85B | -8.09% | 433.60M | -5.42B | 1.06 |
| FY2015 | 31 Dec 2015 | 6.36B | +110.05% | 716.40M | -5.65B | 1.29 |
| FY2014 | 31 Dec 2014 | 3.03B | +0.98% | 580.00M | -2.45B | 1.07 |
| FY2013 | 31 Dec 2013 | 3.00B | +13.01% | 404.00M | -2.60B | 1.20 |
| FY2012 | 31 Dec 2012 | 2.66B | +19.54% | 466.80M | -2.19B | 0.98 |
| FY2011 | 31 Dec 2011 | 2.22B | +1.49% | 159.30M | -2.06B | 0.89 |
| FY2010 | 31 Dec 2010 | 2.19B | +56.94% | 230.70M | -1.96B | 0.89 |
| FY2009 | 31 Dec 2009 | 1.39B | -18.99% | 148.50M | -1.25B | 0.66 |
| FY2008 | 31 Dec 2008 | 1.72B | +3.26% | 219.70M | -1.50B | 1.02 |
| FY2007 | 31 Dec 2007 | 1.67B | +44.03% | 166.30M | -1.50B | 0.97 |
| FY2006 | 31 Dec 2006 | 1.16B | +0.72% | 186.90M | -970.50M | 0.59 |
| FY2005 | 31 Dec 2005 | 1.15B | +28.78% | 63.10M | -1.09B | 0.61 |
| FY2004 | 31 Dec 2004 | 892.30M | +0.92% | 206.80M | -685.50M | 0.45 |
| FY2003 | 31 Dec 2003 | 884.20M | +69.42% | 123.00M | -761.20M | 0.47 |
| FY2002 | 31 Dec 2002 | 521.90M | +2.55% | 56.40M | -465.50M | 0.32 |
| FY2001 | 31 Dec 2001 | 508.90M | +4.78% | 149.20M | -359.70M | 0.47 |
| FY2000 | 31 Dec 2000 | 485.70M | -15.94% | 48.80M | -436.90M | 0.55 |
| FY1999 | 31 Dec 1999 | 577.80M | -10.83% | 40.30M | -537.50M | 0.79 |
| FY1998 | 31 Dec 1998 | 648.00M | -6.03% | 22.70M | -625.30M | 0.95 |
| FY1997 | 31 Dec 1997 | 689.60M | -46.14% | 23.30M | -666.30M | 1.09 |
| FY1996 | 31 Dec 1996 | 1.28B | +26.65% | 29.30M | -1.25B | 4.96 |
| FY1995 | 31 Dec 1995 | 1.01B | +67.70% | 16.40M | -994.50M | 2.46 |
| FY1994 | 31 Dec 1994 | 602.80M | +87.91% | 26.80M | -576.00M | 3.63 |
| FY1993 | 31 Dec 1993 | 320.80M | +120.48% | 12.30M | -308.50M | 2.28 |
| FY1992 | 31 Dec 1992 | 145.50M | — | 33.40M | -112.10M | 0.68 |
| FY1991 | 31 Dec 1991 | 0.00 | -100.00% | 51.30M | 51.30M | 0.00 |
| FY1990 | 31 Dec 1990 | 22.00M | — | 45.80M | 23.80M | 0.09 |
| FY1989 | 31 Dec 1989 | 0.00 | — | 32.00M | 32.00M | 0.00 |
| Quarter | Period ending | Total debt | Growth on a year before | Cash and short-term investments | Net cash | Debt to equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q3 FY2026 | 30 Sept 2026 | 6.78B | -6.18% | 261.80M | -6.51B | 0.77 |
| Q2 FY2026 | 30 Jun 2026 | 6.77B | +3.36% | 141.80M | -6.62B | 0.79 |
| Q1 FY2026 | 31 Mar 2026 | 7.24B | +11.06% | 981.10M | -6.26B | 0.83 |
| Q4 FY2025 | 31 Dec 2025 | 7.21B | -0.88% | 532.30M | -6.68B | 0.84 |
| Q3 FY2025 | 30 Sept 2025 | 7.22B | -6.44% | 598.10M | -6.62B | 0.83 |
| Q2 FY2025 | 30 Jun 2025 | 6.55B | +9.55% | 647.30M | -5.90B | 0.77 |
| Q1 FY2025 | 31 Mar 2025 | 6.52B | +9.23% | 369.40M | -6.15B | 0.78 |
| Q4 FY2024 | 31 Dec 2024 | 7.27B | +22.15% | 1.52B | -5.75B | 0.90 |
| Q3 FY2024 | 30 Sept 2024 | 7.72B | +21.95% | 1.52B | -6.20B | 0.94 |
| Q2 FY2024 | 30 Jun 2024 | 5.98B | -3.79% | 265.10M | -5.71B | 0.75 |
| Q1 FY2024 | 31 Mar 2024 | 5.97B | -5.13% | 99.30M | -5.87B | 0.75 |
| Q4 FY2023 | 31 Dec 2023 | 5.95B | -4.68% | 536.80M | -5.42B | 0.76 |
| Q3 FY2023 | 30 Sept 2023 | 6.33B | +0.94% | 727.90M | -5.60B | 0.80 |
| Q2 FY2023 | 30 Jun 2023 | 6.21B | -1.67% | 1.93B | -4.28B | 0.71 |
| Q1 FY2023 | 31 Mar 2023 | 6.29B | -0.01% | 393.90M | -5.90B | 0.61 |
| Q4 FY2022 | 31 Dec 2022 | 6.25B | -1.52% | 320.60M | -5.93B | 0.62 |
| Q3 FY2022 | 30 Sept 2022 | 6.27B | -1.02% | 409.90M | -5.86B | 0.62 |
| Q2 FY2022 | 30 Jun 2022 | 6.32B | -0.66% | 1.07B | -5.25B | 0.61 |
| Q1 FY2022 | 31 Mar 2022 | 6.29B | -1.08% | 1.23B | -5.06B | 0.59 |
| Q4 FY2021 | 31 Dec 2021 | 6.34B | -6.12% | 1.47B | -4.87B | 0.62 |
| Q3 FY2021 | 30 Sept 2021 | 6.34B | -5.21% | 2.04B | -4.30B | 0.60 |
| Q2 FY2021 | 30 Jun 2021 | 6.36B | -10.63% | 1.96B | -4.39B | 0.62 |
| Q1 FY2021 | 31 Mar 2021 | 6.36B | -10.64% | 1.89B | -4.47B | 0.63 |
| Q4 FY2020 | 31 Dec 2020 | 6.76B | -4.94% | 1.32B | -5.44B | 0.72 |
| Q3 FY2020 | 30 Sept 2020 | 6.68B | -10.14% | 667.20M | -6.02B | 0.81 |
| Q2 FY2020 | 30 Jun 2020 | 7.11B | -5.24% | 557.00M | -6.56B | 0.97 |
| Q1 FY2020 | 31 Mar 2020 | 7.12B | +4.37% | 323.60M | -6.79B | 1.01 |
| Q4 FY2019 | 31 Dec 2019 | 7.11B | +17.29% | 337.50M | -6.77B | 0.94 |
| Q3 FY2019 | 30 Sept 2019 | 7.44B | +15.09% | 361.10M | -7.08B | 1.03 |
| Q2 FY2019 | 30 Jun 2019 | 7.51B | +16.26% | 265.40M | -7.24B | 1.05 |
| Q1 FY2019 | 31 Mar 2019 | 6.82B | +0.63% | 348.80M | -6.47B | 0.96 |
| Q4 FY2018 | 31 Dec 2018 | 6.06B | -10.39% | 426.80M | -5.63B | 0.87 |
| Q3 FY2018 | 30 Sept 2018 | 6.46B | -10.47% | 892.60M | -5.57B | 0.89 |
| Q2 FY2018 | 30 Jun 2018 | 6.46B | +5.37% | 221.40M | -6.24B | 0.92 |
| Q1 FY2018 | 31 Mar 2018 | 6.78B | +14.46% | 361.80M | -6.42B | 0.97 |
| Q4 FY2017 | 31 Dec 2017 | 6.76B | +15.60% | 316.60M | -6.45B | 0.99 |
| Q3 FY2017 | 30 Sept 2017 | 7.22B | +16.97% | 409.30M | -6.81B | 1.18 |
| Q2 FY2017 | 30 Jun 2017 | 6.13B | +1.20% | 299.90M | -5.83B | 1.04 |
| Q1 FY2017 | 31 Mar 2017 | 5.92B | -7.41% | 365.50M | -5.56B | 1.05 |
| Q4 FY2016 | 31 Dec 2016 | 5.85B | -8.09% | 433.60M | -5.42B | 1.06 |
| Q3 FY2016 | 30 Sept 2016 | 6.17B | -7.63% | 567.60M | -5.60B | 1.12 |
| Q2 FY2016 | 30 Jun 2016 | 6.06B | -10.79% | 639.60M | -5.42B | 1.14 |
| Q1 FY2016 | 31 Mar 2016 | 6.39B | -7.94% | 696.30M | -5.70B | 1.24 |
| Q4 FY2015 | 31 Dec 2015 | 6.36B | +110.05% | 716.40M | -5.65B | 1.29 |
| Q3 FY2015 | 30 Sept 2015 | 6.68B | +121.62% | 713.00M | -5.97B | 1.36 |
| Q2 FY2015 | 30 Jun 2015 | 6.79B | +125.68% | 619.00M | -6.17B | 1.42 |
| Q1 FY2015 | 31 Mar 2015 | 6.95B | +130.90% | 446.40M | -6.50B | 1.54 |
| Q4 FY2014 | 31 Dec 2014 | 3.03B | +0.98% | 580.00M | -2.45B | 1.07 |
| Q3 FY2014 | 30 Sept 2014 | 3.01B | +13.17% | 575.70M | -2.44B | 1.09 |
| Q2 FY2014 | 30 Jun 2014 | 3.01B | +19.83% | 479.50M | -2.53B | 1.13 |
| Q1 FY2014 | 31 Mar 2014 | 3.01B | +29.51% | 338.90M | -2.67B | 1.20 |
| Q4 FY2013 | 31 Dec 2013 | 3.00B | +13.01% | 404.00M | -2.60B | 1.20 |
| Q3 FY2013 | 30 Sept 2013 | 2.66B | +0.14% | 174.10M | -2.49B | 1.04 |
| Q2 FY2013 | 30 Jun 2013 | 2.51B | +18.98% | 111.30M | -2.40B | 0.94 |
| Q1 FY2013 | 31 Mar 2013 | 2.32B | +9.50% | 185.80M | -2.14B | 0.84 |
| Q4 FY2012 | 31 Dec 2012 | 2.66B | +19.54% | 466.80M | -2.19B | 0.98 |
| Q3 FY2012 | 30 Sept 2012 | 2.66B | +34.10% | 466.00M | -2.19B | 0.98 |
| Q2 FY2012 | 30 Jun 2012 | 2.11B | +5.31% | 124.40M | -1.99B | 0.80 |
| Q1 FY2012 | 31 Mar 2012 | 2.12B | -3.78% | 129.90M | -1.99B | 0.82 |
| Q4 FY2011 | 31 Dec 2011 | 2.22B | +1.49% | 159.30M | -2.06B | 0.89 |
| Q3 FY2011 | 30 Sept 2011 | 1.98B | +47.37% | 85.80M | -1.90B | 0.78 |
| Q2 FY2011 | 30 Jun 2011 | 2.00B | +51.44% | 118.90M | -1.88B | 0.78 |
| Q1 FY2011 | 31 Mar 2011 | 2.20B | +65.98% | 195.40M | -2.01B | 0.92 |
| Q4 FY2010 | 31 Dec 2010 | 2.19B | +56.94% | 230.70M | -1.96B | 0.89 |
| Q3 FY2010 | 30 Sept 2010 | 1.35B | -3.91% | 96.90M | -1.25B | 0.59 |
| Q2 FY2010 | 30 Jun 2010 | 1.32B | -6.31% | 103.80M | -1.22B | 0.60 |
| Q1 FY2010 | 31 Mar 2010 | 1.33B | -22.39% | 172.20M | -1.16B | 0.62 |
| Q4 FY2009 | 31 Dec 2009 | 1.39B | -18.99% | 148.50M | -1.25B | 0.66 |
| Q3 FY2009 | 30 Sept 2009 | 1.40B | -18.88% | 126.80M | -1.27B | 0.69 |
| Q2 FY2009 | 30 Jun 2009 | 1.41B | -14.93% | 226.60M | -1.19B | 0.70 |
| Q1 FY2009 | 31 Mar 2009 | 1.71B | +1.68% | 373.20M | -1.34B | 0.94 |
| Q4 FY2008 | 31 Dec 2008 | 1.72B | +3.26% | 219.70M | -1.50B | 1.02 |
| Q3 FY2008 | 30 Sept 2008 | 1.73B | +36.58% | 49.40M | -1.68B | 1.04 |
| Q2 FY2008 | 30 Jun 2008 | 1.66B | — | 155.30M | -1.50B | 0.92 |
| Q1 FY2008 | 31 Mar 2008 | 1.68B | +35.76% | 50.10M | -1.63B | 0.99 |
| Q4 FY2007 | 31 Dec 2007 | 1.67B | +44.03% | 166.30M | -1.50B | 0.97 |
| Q3 FY2007 | 30 Sept 2007 | 1.26B | +9.40% | 35.20M | -1.23B | 0.63 |
| Q2 FY2007 | 1 Aug 2007 | 1.16B | — | 51.70M | -1.11B | 0.60 |
| Q1 FY2007 | 31 Mar 2007 | 1.24B | +7.67% | 76.70M | -1.16B | 0.69 |
| Q4 FY2006 | 31 Dec 2006 | 1.16B | +0.72% | 186.90M | -970.50M | 0.59 |
| Q3 FY2006 | 30 Sept 2006 | 1.16B | +28.49% | 320.70M | -835.10M | 0.54 |
| Q2 FY2006 | 30 Jun 2006 | 1.15B | +20.83% | 202.30M | -950.90M | 0.57 |
| Q1 FY2006 | 31 Mar 2006 | 1.15B | +28.68% | 71.40M | -1.08B | 0.62 |
| Q4 FY2005 | 31 Dec 2005 | 1.15B | +28.78% | 63.10M | -1.09B | 0.61 |
| Q3 FY2005 | 30 Sept 2005 | 899.50M | +1.06% | 52.50M | -847.00M | 0.41 |
| Q2 FY2005 | 30 Jun 2005 | 954.40M | +7.47% | 34.20M | -920.20M | 0.45 |
| Q1 FY2005 | 31 Mar 2005 | 894.90M | +0.99% | 71.70M | -823.20M | 0.45 |
| Q4 FY2004 | 31 Dec 2004 | 892.30M | +0.92% | 206.80M | -685.50M | 0.45 |
| Q3 FY2004 | 30 Sept 2004 | 890.10M | -1.86% | 233.70M | -656.40M | 0.45 |
| Q2 FY2004 | 30 Jun 2004 | 888.10M | +854.95% | 182.20M | -705.90M | 0.46 |
| Q1 FY2004 | 31 Mar 2004 | 886.10M | -12.14% | 169.00M | -717.10M | 0.46 |
| Q4 FY2003 | 31 Dec 2003 | 884.20M | +69.42% | 123.00M | -761.20M | 0.47 |
| Q3 FY2003 | 30 Sept 2003 | 907.00M | +41.65% | 30.00M | -877.00M | 0.51 |
| Q2 FY2003 | 30 Jun 2003 | 93.00M | -81.88% | 33.90M | -59.10M | 0.05 |
| Q1 FY2003 | 31 Mar 2003 | 1.01B | +97.32% | 50.00M | -958.50M | 0.60 |
| Q4 FY2002 | 31 Dec 2002 | 521.90M | +2.55% | 56.40M | -465.50M | 0.32 |
| Q3 FY2002 | 30 Sept 2002 | 640.30M | +44.37% | 98.40M | -541.90M | 0.41 |
| Q2 FY2002 | 30 Jun 2002 | 513.30M | +9.42% | 303.60M | -209.70M | 0.41 |
| Q1 FY2002 | 31 Mar 2002 | 511.10M | +12.98% | 245.00M | -266.10M | 0.44 |
| Q4 FY2001 | 31 Dec 2001 | 508.90M | +4.78% | 149.20M | -359.70M | 0.47 |
| Q3 FY2001 | 30 Sept 2001 | 443.50M | -12.65% | 55.50M | -388.00M | 0.43 |
| Q2 FY2001 | 30 Jun 2001 | 469.10M | -11.49% | 20.50M | -448.60M | 0.48 |
| Q1 FY2001 | 31 Mar 2001 | 452.40M | -17.55% | 66.80M | -385.60M | 0.49 |
| Q4 FY2000 | 31 Dec 2000 | 485.70M | -15.94% | 48.80M | -436.90M | 0.55 |
| Q3 FY2000 | 30 Sept 2000 | 507.70M | -13.80% | 15.30M | -492.40M | 0.61 |
| Q2 FY2000 | 30 Jun 2000 | 530.00M | -14.45% | 59.20M | -470.80M | 0.67 |
| Q1 FY2000 | 31 Mar 2000 | 548.70M | -13.73% | 40.90M | -507.80M | 0.73 |
| Q4 FY1999 | 31 Dec 1999 | 577.80M | -10.83% | 40.30M | -537.50M | 0.79 |
| Q3 FY1999 | 30 Sept 1999 | 589.00M | -9.05% | 19.70M | -569.30M | 0.81 |
| Q2 FY1999 | 30 Jun 1999 | 619.50M | -4.50% | 16.90M | -602.60M | 0.88 |
| Q1 FY1999 | 31 Mar 1999 | 636.00M | -3.50% | 16.30M | -619.70M | 0.92 |
| Q4 FY1998 | 31 Dec 1998 | 648.00M | -6.03% | 22.70M | -625.30M | 0.95 |
| Q3 FY1998 | 30 Sept 1998 | 647.60M | -9.24% | 11.60M | -636.00M | 1.00 |
| Q2 FY1998 | 30 Jun 1998 | 648.70M | -10.97% | 15.50M | -633.20M | 1.01 |
| Q1 FY1998 | 31 Mar 1998 | 659.10M | -48.29% | 18.70M | -640.40M | 1.04 |
| Q4 FY1997 | 31 Dec 1997 | 689.60M | -46.14% | 23.30M | -666.30M | 1.09 |
| Q3 FY1997 | 30 Sept 1997 | 713.50M | -35.26% | 21.10M | -692.40M | 0.95 |
| Q2 FY1997 | 30 Jun 1997 | 728.60M | -32.69% | 30.80M | -697.80M | 0.97 |
| Q1 FY1997 | 31 Mar 1997 | 1.27B | +26.05% | 29.50M | -1.25B | 4.89 |
| Q4 FY1996 | 31 Dec 1996 | 1.28B | +26.65% | 29.30M | -1.25B | 4.96 |
| Q3 FY1996 | 30 Sept 1996 | 1.10B | +7.23% | 28.20M | -1.07B | 4.29 |
| Q2 FY1996 | 30 Jun 1996 | 1.08B | +33.66% | 24.60M | -1.06B | 2.68 |
| Q1 FY1996 | 31 Mar 1996 | 1.01B | +59.22% | 15.70M | -995.50M | 2.42 |
| Q4 FY1995 | 31 Dec 1995 | 1.01B | +67.70% | 16.40M | -994.50M | 2.46 |
| Q3 FY1995 | 30 Sept 1995 | 1.03B | +61.93% | 25.00M | -1.00B | 2.50 |
| Q2 FY1995 | 30 Jun 1995 | 809.90M | +36.62% | 45.60M | -764.30M | 2.04 |
| Q1 FY1995 | 31 Mar 1995 | 635.10M | +81.15% | 21.10M | -614.00M | 3.55 |
| Q4 FY1994 | 31 Dec 1994 | 602.80M | +87.91% | 26.80M | -576.00M | 3.63 |
| Q3 FY1994 | 30 Sept 1994 | 634.70M | +168.94% | 19.60M | -615.10M | 4.07 |
| Q2 FY1994 | 30 Jun 1994 | 592.80M | +186.52% | 27.10M | -565.70M | 3.80 |
| Q1 FY1994 | 31 Mar 1994 | 350.60M | +144.15% | 29.40M | -321.20M | 2.47 |
| Q4 FY1993 | 31 Dec 1993 | 320.80M | +120.48% | 12.30M | -308.50M | 2.28 |
| Q3 FY1993 | 30 Sept 1993 | 236.00M | +177.65% | 18.70M | -217.30M | 1.38 |
| Q2 FY1993 | 30 Jun 1993 | 206.90M | +143.41% | 37.60M | -169.30M | 1.22 |
| Q1 FY1993 | 31 Mar 1993 | 143.60M | +43.60% | 52.60M | -91.00M | 0.68 |
| Q4 FY1992 | 31 Dec 1992 | 145.50M | — | 33.40M | -112.10M | 0.68 |
| Q3 FY1992 | 30 Sept 1992 | 85.00M | — | 66.80M | -18.20M | 0.31 |
| Q2 FY1992 | 30 Jun 1992 | 85.00M | — | 47.00M | -38.00M | 0.34 |
| Q1 FY1992 | 31 Mar 1992 | 100.00M | — | 55.80M | -44.20M | 0.44 |
| Q4 FY1991 | 31 Dec 1991 | 0.00 | -100.00% | 51.30M | 51.30M | 0.00 |
| Q3 FY1991 | 30 Sept 1991 | 0.00 | — | 84.00M | 84.00M | 0.00 |
| Q2 FY1991 | 30 Jun 1991 | 0.00 | — | 71.70M | 71.70M | 0.00 |
| Q1 FY1991 | 31 Mar 1991 | 0.00 | — | 59.50M | 59.50M | 0.00 |
| Q4 FY1990 | 31 Dec 1990 | 22.00M | — | 45.80M | 23.80M | 0.09 |
| Q3 FY1990 | 30 Sept 1990 | 0.00 | — | 39.40M | 39.40M | 0.00 |
| Q2 FY1990 | 30 Jun 1990 | 0.00 | — | 40.50M | 40.50M | 0.00 |
| Q1 FY1990 | 31 Mar 1990 | 0.00 | — | 2.60M | 2.60M | 0.00 |
| Q4 FY1989 | 31 Dec 1989 | 0.00 | — | 32.00M | 32.00M | 0.00 |
| Q3 FY1989 | 30 Sept 1989 | 0.00 | — | 11.20M | 11.20M | 0.00 |
| Q2 FY1989 | 30 Jun 1989 | 0.00 | — | 9.10M | 9.10M | 0.00 |
| Q1 FY1989 | 31 Mar 1989 | 0.00 | — | 9.40M | 9.40M | 0.00 |
Figures in USD at the end of each period. Net cash is cash and short-term investments less total debt; book value per share is on the diluted share count. The latest column is the most recent quarter.
Total debt counts commercial paper, term debt and lease liabilities.
See also:Revenue,Net income,EPS,Shares outstanding,Operating income,Cash on hand,Free cash flow,Stock buybacks,Balance sheet
Common questions about Laboratory's debt
Source: Financial Modeling Prep
